The transportation of alcoholic beverages by air is subject to specific regulations outlined in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) 66th Edition. Depending on their alcohol content and packaging, alcoholic beverages may or may not be classified as dangerous goods (DG). This article provides a detailed overview of the regulations governing the transport of alcoholic beverages, including applicable special provisions, packaging requirements, and exemptions.
Regulatory Outline for Alcoholic Beverages
Classification of Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic beverages are classified based on their alcohol content by volume (ABV), which stands for alcohol by volume. The IATA DGR specifies the following categories:
1. Alcoholic Beverages with 24% or Less ABV
Beverages containing 24% or less alcohol by volume are not subject to any restrictions under the IATA DGR. These beverages are not considered dangerous goods and can be transported without additional documentation or packaging requirements.
2. Alcoholic Beverages with More Than 24% but Not More Than 70% ABV
Beverages in this category are subject to specific regulations, particularly when transported in retail packaging. The following conditions apply:
- The beverage must be in receptacles that do not exceed 5 liters.
- The total net quantity per person must not exceed 5 liters.
- Such beverages are not subject to full dangerous goods regulations when carried as cargo, provided they meet the criteria outlined in Special Provision A9.
3. Alcoholic Beverages with More Than 70% ABV
Beverages exceeding 70% ABV are classified as dangerous goods and fall under UN3065. These beverages are subject to full dangerous goods regulations, including packaging, labeling, and documentation requirements.
Applicable Special Provisions
The IATA DGR includes special provisions that alleviate shippers from adhering to full dangerous goods regulations under specific conditions:
Special Provision A9
Alcoholic beverages containing 70% or less alcohol by volume, when packed in receptacles of 5 liters or less, are not subject to the regulations when carried as cargo. This provision applies to retail packaging intended for personal use or retail sale.
Special Provision A58
An aqueous solution containing 24% or less alcohol by volume is not subject to the regulations. This provision ensures that low-alcohol beverages are exempt from dangerous goods requirements.
Packaging and Quantity Limits
For alcoholic beverages classified under UN3065 (more than 24% but not more than 70% ABV), the following packaging and quantity limits apply:
- Receptacles must not exceed 5 liters in capacity.
- The total net quantity per person must not exceed 5 liters.
- Retail packaging must be securely closed and packed to prevent leakage or damage during transport.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is alcohol considered a hazardous material / dangerous goods cargo?
Yes, alcohol can be considered a hazardous material or dangerous goods cargo depending on its alcohol content. Beverages containing more than 24% but not more than 70% ABV are classified as dangerous goods under UN3065. Beverages with more than 70% ABV are also classified as dangerous goods and are subject to stricter regulations.
2. Is alcohol allowed to be mailed?
Mailing alcohol through the United States Postal Service (USPS) is prohibited under federal law (18 U.S.C. 1716), which bans the shipment of intoxicating liquors, a regulation dating back to the Prohibition era. USPS also rejects packages with visible alcohol-related branding to prevent indirect shipments. However, private carriers like UPS and FedEx may allow alcohol shipments, provided shippers comply with federal and state laws, including obtaining necessary permits and ensuring both the origin and destination states permit such shipments. Non-alcoholic or non-flammable products containing alcohol, such as cooking wine or mouthwash, may be mailable if they meet IRS and FDA requirements. Always verify regulations with the carrier and relevant authorities before shipping alcohol.
3. Is alcohol classified as DG Class 3?
Yes, alcoholic beverages with more than 24% ABV are classified under Class 3: Flammable Liquids of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. However, beverages with 24% or less ABV are not classified as dangerous goods and are exempt from Class 3 regulations.
4. What are the packaging requirements for alcoholic beverages under IATA DGR?
For alcoholic beverages containing more than 24% but not more than 70% ABV, the packaging must:
- Be in receptacles not exceeding 5 liters.
- Be securely closed and leak-proof.
- Not exceed a total net quantity of 5 liters per person when carried as cargo.
5. Are there any exemptions for transporting alcoholic beverages?
Yes, Special Provision A9 exempts alcoholic beverages containing 70% or less ABV, packed in receptacles of 5 liters or less, from full dangerous goods regulations when carried as cargo. Additionally, Special Provision A58 exempts beverages with 24% or less ABV from all dangerous goods regulations.
Summary
The transportation of alcoholic beverages by air requires careful consideration of their alcohol content, packaging, and applicable regulations. While beverages with 24% or less ABV are exempt from dangerous goods regulations, those with higher alcohol content may be subject to specific requirements under the IATA DGR. By adhering to the guidelines outlined in the 66th Edition of the IATA DGR, shippers can ensure the safe and compliant transport of alcoholic beverages. Always consult the latest edition of the IATA DGR and relevant local regulations to ensure full compliance.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the regulations governing the transport of alcoholic beverages under the IATA DGR 66th Edition. For further clarification or specific cases, consult with one of DGM’s dangerous goods specialists.
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